Game Terbaik: Tantangan Melestarikan Video Game Klasik
The spy shooter No One Lives Forever received critical acclaim when it was re-released in 2000, earning numerous awards and a sequel. We referred to it as one of the best shooters of the year in our original review. However, if you want to play it in 2023, you will have to switch to one of the few digital archives available on the internet, as neither No One Lives Forever nor its sequel are commercially available on Steam or anywhere else.
No One Lives Forever adalah salah satu contoh pasar di mana hanya 13 persen game yang dibuat sebelum tahun 2010 tersedia secara komersial, ungkap sebuah studi baru yang dilakukan oleh Video Game History Foundation. Untuk setiap pembaruan Metroid Prime yang di-remaster, ribuan game sulit atau bahkan tidak mungkin diperoleh secara sah, termasuk game di platform populer seperti Game Boy.
Imagine if the only way to watch Titanic was by finding old VHS tapes and maintaining your own vintage equipment so you could still watch it,” wrote Kelsey Lewin from the Video Game History Foundation in a blog explaining the research. “And what if there were no libraries, not even the Library of Congress, that could do better – they could preserve and digitize that VHS of Titanic, but you would have to go far away to watch it.”
Menurut penelitian terbaru, situasi industri video game hampir sama dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup film bisu (14 persen) dan rekaman audio pra-Perang Dunia II (10 persen atau kurang).
A new study, described by the Video Game History Foundation as the first of its kind, examines over 4000 video games released in the United States before 2010, with a specific focus on Commodore 64, Game Boy, and PlayStation 2. Commodore 64, first introduced in 1982, is described as a “neglected ecosystem with the lowest commercial interest”, while Game Boy is described as “ignored” and PlayStation 2 is referred to as “active”.
It has been found that the availability of historical games is “terrible”, with many being hindered by technical challenges, rights issues, and other problems. Goldeneye 007, which was finally re-released on Xbox and Switch earlier this year, has six separate rights holders, including rival directors from Nintendo and Xbox. No One Lives Forever has three rights holders, and according to research, none of them are fully sure who owns what. Moving games to new consoles can also be very expensive, with Limited Run Games CEO Josh Fairhurst estimating that just one port can cost up to $350,000. The result of all these challenges is that only the most popular retro games are re-released on modern platforms, and the rest are available in vintage game stores, emulation, or digital archives. The struggle to obtain classic video games legally is reflected in other media as well, as streamers like Max and Disney Plus set aside hundreds of shows in exchange for tax benefits.
Layanan modern seperti Xbox Game Pass, PlayStation Plus, dan Nintendo Switch Online menawarkan akses ke game vintage dengan imbalan biaya nominal, seperti halnya koleksi retro seperti Cowabunga Collection yang populer dari Digital Eclipse. Namun, masih banyak lagi game yang terikat dengan perangkat keras yang sudah ketinggalan zaman, dan permintaan dari kolektor telah menaikkan harga.
The Video Game History Foundation was established by Frank Cifaldi in 2017 and is one of the organizations leading the task of preserving games as a significant form of cultural art. It commissions research in part to advocate for games to be available in libraries and other official archives, which has been lobbied for by the Entertainment Software Association through the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, depicting efforts to preserve games as a “hack” among others.
The Video Game History Foundation notes that the next DMCA rule-making process took place in 2014. “We hope this research will spark change,” Lewin writes, “and the preservation of video games will become stronger — before we lose even more.”
In conclusion, preserving classic video games poses a significant challenge for the industry. The limited commercial availability of games made before 2010, including critically acclaimed titles like No One Lives Forever, highlights the need for better preservation efforts. A study conducted by the Video Game History Foundation sheds light on the dire situation, comparing it to the survival rates of silent films and pre-World War II audio recordings. With technical challenges, rights issues, and high costs associated with porting games to new consoles, many games remain tied to outdated hardware. While modern services offer access to vintage games, collector demand has driven up prices. The Video Game History Foundation hopes that this research will bring about change and strengthen preservation efforts before more games are lost to the passage of time.
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